Metals - Overview
Globally, the iron and steel industry accounts for the highest share of CO2 emissions from the manufacturing sector. The average energy intensity is 20.2 gigajoules per ton (GJ/t) of steel, however the emissions are very dependant on the type of furnace technology as well as the availability and quality of scrap metal. Average emissions are shown below for both a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) which uses iron ore and scrap as well as an electric arc furnace (EAF) which uses direct reduced iron and steel scrap.
Figure 1 – CO2 Emissions per ton of Crude Steel
Source: International Energy Agency – Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions – 2007.
Given the energy intensity of processes, it is no wonder that there are over 160 projects being considered by the United Nations to better use energy in steel production. On average, the projects in this pipeline as of September, 2007 were projected to provide over 260,000 Certified Emissions Reductions (CER’s) each per year, which would be worth $5.2M euros annually at today’s trading rate. (source: UNEP Risoe CDM/JI Pipeline Analysis and Database, September 2007).
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